Oct 8, Explanation: In solids, particles are very closely packed in an orderly arrangement in a lattice and only vibrate in fixed positions. Related questions What is Matter? How can matter be changed from a liquid to a solid? How can states of matter be changed? How do the states of matter change during evaporation? How does kinetic energy relate to the states of matter? How does mass and volume relate to matter? Create a free Team What is Teams? Learn more. Why do particles move? Asked 10 years, 9 months ago.
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Hot Network Questions. When they have broken away from each other, they turn from a crystal form to a solution form. Student 2: "When a block of ice is taken out of a freezer, the sudden change of temperature reacts on the particles making them decrease in size. Atoms are incredibly small and cannot be seen with even the most powerful light microscope. We use multiple models of atoms to help explain chemical processes and describe their behaviour.
In gases the particles move rapidly in all directions, frequently colliding with each other and the side of the container. With an increase in temperature, the particles gain kinetic energy and move faster. The actual average speed of the particles depends on their mass as well as the temperature — heavier particles move more slowly than lighter ones at the same temperature. The oxygen and nitrogen molecules in air at normal room temperature are moving rapidly at between to metres per second.
Unlike collisions between macroscopic objects, collisions between particles are perfectly elastic with no loss of kinetic energy. This is very different to most other collisions where some kinetic energy is transformed into other forms such as heat and sound. It is the perfectly elastic nature of the collisions that enables the gas particles to continue rebounding after each collision with no loss of speed. Particles are still subject to gravity and hit the bottom of a container with greater force than the top, thus giving gases weight.
If the vertical motion of gas molecules did not slow under gravity, the atmosphere would have long since escaped from the Earth. In liquids, particles are quite close together and move with random motion throughout the container.
Particles move rapidly in all directions but collide with each other more frequently than in gases due to shorter distances between particles.
With an increase in temperature, the particles move faster as they gain kinetic energy, resulting in increased collision rates and an increased rate of diffusion. In a solid, the particles pack together as tightly as possible in a neat and ordered arrangement.
The particles are held together too strongly to allow movement from place to place but the particles do vibrate about their position in the structure. With an increase in temperature, the particles gain kinetic energy and vibrate faster and more strongly.
The attractive force in solids need not be stronger than in liquids or gases. For example the forces between solid helium particles at degrees C are still very weak. By comparison, the forces between iron vapour particles requires very high temperatures are very strong. If you compare different substances that are at the same temperature, then the average kinetic energy of the particles will be the same i. Attractive forces don't get weaker when a substance moves from the solid to the liquid to the gas state, rather the kinetic energy of the particles increases implying faster motion , allowing them to overcome the attractive forces.
Explore the relationships between ideas about movement of particles in the Concept Development Maps - Chemical Reactions, States of Matter. Aim to adopt teaching strategies that promote dissatisfaction in students with their existing ideas, and promote a scientific conception that is plausible, consistent and useful in a variety of situations.
It is important to ascertain the majority of students' prior views at the commencement of teaching to establish their existing understanding of the particle model of matter.
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