In fact, the benefits of B12 boil down to two biochemical reactions: The conversion of methylmalonyl-coenzyme A to succinylcholine coenzyme A by methylmalonyl-CoA mutase, with adenosyl B12 as a co-factor , and the remethylation of homocysteine to methionine with methyl B12 a co-factor in methionine synthase. Cyano B12 is a cheap, synthetic, slightly-toxic, inactive form of B12 that is made with a cyanide donor and is used commercially. It is the most stable form, because the cyanide molecule has the greatest attraction to the cobalamin, so it protects it from conditions like very high temperatures.
When cyano B12 does absorb, it converts to hydroxo B12 hopefully discarding of the cyanide in the process. Then, it converts to methyl B12 and adenosyl B Taken orally, cyano B12 absorption is drastically reduced if you have any gastric acid issues.
Again, our body must use a methylation reaction to cleave the cyanide out of this form. Only then it can be converted to an active form that you can use and absorb. This is a demanding process:. Nutritional inadequacies, enzyme defects, and pathological changes to tissues can all contribute to a reduced ability of the body to accomplish the synthesis of the active forms of vitamin B12 from CN-Cbl. Methylation is one way through which your body detoxifies. But it requires methyl molecules, which are often in low supply modern life is full of toxins , especially in folks with a B12 deficiency.
This is why people with methylation issues like autistic children can get worse on CN-Cbl but not on other forms of B Commercial cyano B12 exists because, when making hydroxo B12 from bacteria, some of the cobalamin binds to cyanide during the charcoal filtration process. Check out this paper from :. If the indiscriminate dumping of industrial cyanide waste continues unchecked with the inherent risk of pollution of food and water supplies there may well come a time when more widespread chronic cyanide neurotoxicity occurs in the Western hemisphere from a dietary source in persons with a genetic or acquired error of cyanide or vitamin B12 metabolism.
We all get cyanide into our systems — pollution, barbecue, bonfire, second hand smoke, even almonds. The body always has to detoxify it. Because of that detoxification, cyano B12 could potentially deplete glutathione GSH , an important anti-oxidant that helps decrease lipid peroxidation associated with oxidative stress.
Once glutathione stores are empty, high dose cyanocobalamin might theoretically cause cyanide toxicity, especially in renal failure patients. Also, some people may have conditions which inhibit them from converting this form of B12 into the active forms that you can absorb. In these cases, serum B12 levels will shoot up the blood test counts inactive B12 too , but there will be a deficiency of adenosyl B12 and methyl B12 in the cells, tissues and body fluids. It takes more than 48 hours for cyano B12 to convert to usable methyl B Even then, only a small amount is converted.
And remember, when it does convert, it requires the interaction possibly the depletion of glutathione and other agents. Despite all that, cyano B12 is the most prescribed form. Why would you try to improve your health with something that requires the depletion of other crucial substances? Methylcobalamin as an endogenous coenzyme plays as important a role in transmethylation of methionine synthetase in the synthesis of methionine from homocysteine.
It is transported to nerve cell organelles, and promotes nucleic acid and protein synthesis. Transportation of methylcobalamin to nerve cell organelles is better than both hydroxocobalamin and cyanocobalamin.
It is involved in the synthesis of thymidine from deoxyuridine, promotion of deposited folate utilisation and metabolism of nucleic acid. It promotes nucleic acid and protein synthesis more than adenosylcobalamin does. Methylcobalamin promotes axonal transport and axonal regeneration. Methylcobalamin normalises axonal skeletal protein transport in nerve cells in animal models of diabetes mellitus.
It exhibits neuropathological and electrophysiological protective effect on nerve degeneration in animal models of axonal degeneration adriamycin, acrylamide, and vincristine-induced neuropathies with spontaneous diabetes mellitus. It promotes myelination phospholipid synthesis. Methylcobalamin promotes the synthesis of lecithin, the main constituent of medullary sheath lipids, and increases myelination of neurons in tissue culture, more than adenosylcobalamin does.
It restores delayed synaptic transmission and diminished neurotransmitters to normal. Methylcobalamin is one of the two active forms of vitamin B It reduces homocysteine and generates SAMe S-adenosyl methionine , the most crucial methyl donor we have. In other words, it supplies methyl groups for the crucial chemical reactions we discussed.
Where methyl B12 shows its greatest utility is with people suffering from degenerative neurological symptoms, where it is often the only promising treatment. It bypasses several potential issues in the absorption cycle and helps relieve or reverse symptoms. It is the best form to help regenerate nerves and treat peripheral neuropathies. In fact, so much that Japan uses it almost exclusively to treat B12 deficiency. Of all vitamin B12 forms, the science on methyl B12 is the most breathtaking:.
In high doses, it may promote neuronal function , nerve regeneration , and even protect cortical neurons against neurotoxicity. In diabetic neuropathy, it may improve burning sensations, numbness, loss of sensation, muscle cramps, reflexes, lower motor neuron weakness, and sensitivity to pain. When hemolytic hyperchromic anemia and impairment of hematopoiesis in the bone marrow were induced in rabbits , a decrease in methylcobalamin in the blood serum was observed.
Methyl B12 administration completely normalized some hematopoiesis and blood patterns, improved the ratio between the B12 forms, and completely regenerated total B12 content. Adenosyl B12, the other active form, showed a much lower effect.
In both in-vitro and in-vivo experiments, methylcobalamin inhibited the proliferation of malignant cancerous cells. Paired with adenosyl B12, it reduced tumor growth and enhanced survival time of mice with Ehrlich ascites tumor cells. It also increased survival time of leukemic mice, whereas cyano B12 was inactive under the same conditions. Evidence suggests it may also enhance the efficacy of methotrexate. Chronic administration of methyl B12 was shown to protect cultured retinal neurons against N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor-mediated glutamate neurotoxicity.
It may also improve deteriorated accommodation following visual work. Methyl B12 produces improvements in several components of heart rate variability , suggesting a balancing effect on the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. Under experimental conditions, methyl B12 adenosyl and hydroxo B12 as well, actually inhibited HIV-1 infection of normal human blood lymphocytes and monocytes.
In one study , methyl B12 at daily doses of 6,mcg for four months improved sperm count by This is incredible. One study reported a case of a 48 year old woman with motor weakness, dementia, sensory disturbances, and widespread coarse hair. Classic B12 deficiency symptoms. In response to methyl B12 shots mcg every other day , her weird sensations resolved, dementia was reduced, hand grip strengthened, hair texture normalized, and she was now able to walk on tiptoe. Results like this are not by any means rare.
In one study , high homocysteine levels went from Visual accommodation is the ability to quickly shift your focus from something nearby to something further away - this is often impaired by activities such as staring at a computer screen for long periods of time. The most well studied use of methylcobalamin has to do with sleep - although the exact mechanism of action is not yet clear, it is possible that methylcobalamin is needed for the synthesis of melatonin. Research indicates that methylcobalamin can modulate melatonin secretion, enhance light-sensitivity, and normalise circadian rhythm your body's hour clock.
Because of this, individuals supplementing this form of B12 often report improved quality of sleep, often will require slightly less sleep, and will not uncommonly report that they feel a bit more refreshed when waking in the morning. One of the primary reactions of methylcobalamin in the body is to convert homocysteine to methionine - high homocysteine levels are undesirable and known to be an indicator of heart disease and stroke risk due to the fact free homocysteine in the blood causes sclerosis of the arteries, putting strain on the vascular system and the heart.
The conversion of homocysteine to methionine reduces the potential for damage because the reaction results in the formation of the super-antioxidant glutathione.
Glutathione is the body's master detoxifier and the body's main antioxidant, protecting our cells from damage. Vitamin B12 is only naturally found in animal products such as organ meats, oily fish, beef and dairy products. If you do not consume those food groups then you are at risk of deficiency - a Vitamin B12 supplement is therefore recommended for vegans and vegetarians, as well as those who suffer from bowel disorders where absorption may be a problem.
The daily recommended intake for Vitamin B12 is 1. However B12 supplements can contain as much as mcg without toxic effect. To organise a consultation regarding our B12 shots or IV drips, contact our team today on As the benefits of intravenous nutrient therapy become ever more widely known, many patients at our central London vitamin drip clinic embark on an Tags: athletic performance , hangover , immune system , intravenous therapy , vitamins.
Magnesium is one of the seven essential vitamins dubbed macro minerals. That means the body requires over mg a day for peak efficiency. Posted in: IV Drips , Vitamins. Tags: anxiety , blood pressure , depression , diabetes , healthy heart , insomnia , intravenous therapy , IV Drips , Strong bones , vitamins. Vitamin B12 is an essential nutrient that keeps the body functioning properly — your body needs it to produce red blood cells and maintain a Tags: B12 , vitamins.
Vitamin B12 is essential to our wellbeing. Adenosylcobalamin Adenosylcobalamin is also a naturally occurring, co-enzyme form of Vitamin B Hydroxocobalamin Hydroxocobalamin is naturally produced by bacteria in the digestive tract when food sources are broken down. Cyanocobalamin Cyanocobalamin is an artificial form of Vitamin B12 which the body converts into the active forms of Methylcobalamin and Adenosylcobalamin, ready for use.
Methylcobalamin vs Cyanocobalamin People often ask which is better — the naturally occurring Methylcobalamin or the synthetic Cyanocobalamin?
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